During the War of 1812, or the “second war of independence,” the United States, which consisted of eighteen loosely joined states, took on Great Britain, the greatest naval power in the world, in a conflict that would have a lasting impact on the nation’s future. The causes of the war, which have been debated for more than two centuries, include the British attempts to restrict U.S. trade, the Royal Navy’s impressment of American seamen, and the United States’ desire to expand her territory. Over the course of the war, the U.S. suffered many costly defeats at the hands of British, Canadian, and Native American forces, including the burning of the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C. Nonetheless, American troops managed to thwart British invasions in Baltimore, New York, and New Orleans, boosting national confidence and fostering a new spirit of patriotism as a result. Though the War of 1812 resulted in no exchange of territory between nations, there was no longer any doubt that the United States was now a nation to be reckoned with on the world stage!

Read about this tumultuous period in American history by purchasing the book “America’s Second War of Independence.”